Sakharov Prize
The Sakharov Prize for Freedom of
Thought, commonly known as the Sakharov Prize, is an honourary award for
individuals or groups who have dedicated their lives to the defense of human
rights and freedom of thought. Named after Russian scientist and dissident
Andrei Sakharov, the prize was established in December 1988 by the European
Parliament. A shortlist of nominees is drawn up annually by the European
Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs and Committee on Development. The
MEPs who make up those committees then select a shortlist in September. Thereafter,
the final choice is given to The European Parliament's Conference of Presidents
(President and political group's leaders) and the laureate's name is announced
late in October. The prize is awarded in a ceremony at the Parliament's
Strasbourg hemicycle (round chamber) in December. The prize includes a monetary
award of €50,000.
The first prize was awarded
jointly to South African Nelson Mandela and Russian Anatoly Marchenko. The 1990
award was given to Aung San Suu Kyi, but she could not receive it until 2013 as
a result of her political imprisonment in Burma. The prize has also been
awarded to organisations, the first being the Argentine Mothers of the Plaza de
Mayo in 1992. Five Sakharov laureates were subsequently awarded the Nobel Peace
Prize: Nelson Mandela, Aung San Suu Kyi, Malala Yousafzai, Denis Mukwege, and Nadia
Murad. Razan Zaitouneh (2011) was kidnapped in 2013 and is still missing. Nasrin
Sotoudeh (2012) was released from prison in September 2013, but is still barred
from leaving Iran, along with fellow 2012 laureate Jafar Panahi.[8] The 2017
prize was awarded to the Democratic Opposition in Venezuela, under boycott of
the European United Left–Nordic Green Left.
1988 Nelson Mandela South
Africa, Anti-apartheid activist and later President of South Africa
1988 Anatoly Marchenko (posthumously)
Soviet Union, Soviet dissident, author and
human rights activist
1989 Alexander Dubček Czechoslovakia, Slovak politician, attempted
to reform the communist regime during the Prague Spring
1990 Aung San Suu Kyi Burma, Opposition politician and a former
General Secretary of the National League for Democracy
1991 Adem Demaçi Kosovo, Kosovo Albanian Politician and
long-term political prisoner
1992 Mothers of the Plaza de
Mayo Argentina. Association of
Argentine mothers whose children disappeared during the Dirty War
1993 Oslobođenje Bosnia
and Herzegovina, Popular newspaper that defended Bosnia and Herzegovina as a
multi-ethnic state
1994 Taslima Nasrin Bangladesh, Ex-doctor, feminist author
1995 Leyla Zana Turkey, Politician of Kurdish descent
from Southeastern Turkey, who was imprisoned for 15 years for being member of
PKK.
1996 Wei Jingsheng China, An
activist in the Chinese democracy movement
1997 Salima Ghezali Algeria,
Journalist and writer, an activist of women's rights, human rights and
democracy in Algeria
1998 Ibrahim Rugova Kosovo,
Kosovo Albanian politician, the first President of Kosovo
1999 Xanana Gusmão East Timor,Former militant who was the first
President of East Timor
2000 ¡Basta Ya! Spain, Organisation uniting individuals of
various political positions against terrorism
2001 Nurit Peled-Elhanan
Israel, Peace activist
2001 Izzat Ghazzawi Palestine, Writer,
professor
2001 Dom Zacarias Kamwenho Angola,Archbishop and peace activist
2002 Oswaldo Payá Cuba, Political activist and dissident
2003 Kofi Annan Ghana,Nobel
Peace Prize recipient and seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations
2003 United Nations N/A
(International)
2004 Belarusian Association of
Journalists Belarus, Non-governmental organisation "aiming to ensure
freedom of speech and rights of receiving and distributing information and
promoting professional standards of journalism"
2005 Ladies in White Cuba, Opposition movement, relatives of jailed
dissidents
2005 Reporters Without Borders
N/A (International)France-based non-governmental organisation advocating
freedom of the press
2005 Hauwa Ibrahim Nigeria,
Human rights lawyer
2006 Alaksandar Milinkievič Belarus,
Politician chosen by United Democratic Forces of Belarus as the joint candidate
of the opposition in the presidential elections of 2006
2007 Salih Mahmoud Osman Sudan, Human rights lawyer
2008 Hu Jia China, Activist and dissident
2009 Memorial Russia, International
civil rights and historical society
2010 Guillermo Fariñas Cuba, Doctor, journalist and political
dissident
2011 Asmaa Mahfouz Egypt, Five representatives of the Arab
people, in recognition and support of their drive for freedom and human rights.
2011 Ahmed al-Senussi Libya
2011 Razan Zaitouneh Syria
2011 Ali Farzat
2011 Mohamed Bouazizi
(posthumously) Tunisia
2012 Jafar Panahi Iran, Iranian
activists, Sotoudeh is a lawyer and Panahi is a film director.
2012 Nasrin Sotoudeh
2013 Malala Yousafzai Pakistan, Campaigner for women's rights and
education
2014 Denis Mukwege Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Gynecologist treating victims of gang rape
2015 Raif Badawi Saudi
Arabia, Saudi Arabian writer and activist
and the creator of the website Free Saudi Liberals
2016 Nadia Murad Basee
Iraq. Yazidi human rights activists and
former abductees of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
2016 Lamiya Aji Bashar
2017 Democratic opposition in
Venezuela Venezuela. Members of the
country's National Assembly and all political prisoners as listed by Foro Penal
Venezolano represented by Leopoldo López, Julio Borges, Antonio Ledezma, Daniel
Ceballos, Yon Goicoechea, Lorent Saleh, Alfredo Ramos and Andrea González. The
award was seen as rewarding the "courage of student activists and
protesters in face of repression by Nicolas Maduro's government".
2018 Oleg Sentsov Ukraine, Film director, symbol of the struggle
for the release of political prisoners held in Russia and around the world
2019 Ilham Tohti China, Uyghur economist, scholar and human rights
activist
2020 Democratic opposition in
Belarus Belarus , Coordination Council, initiative of brave
women and political and civil society figures.
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