Black Ribbon Day

 

Today  (August 23rd) is Black Ribbon Day. It is the day the European Union, Georgia, the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States remembers the Men, Women and Children murdered by both the Nazis and the Communists. The date was chosen because it was when the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact between the German Nazis and the Soviet Communists was signed in 1939.

The Nazis murdered 24,826,424 Men, Women and Children (Non-Military Civilians) from 1933-1945.

That number also includes those in Targeted Groups that the Nazis specifically went after:

 Jews:   6 Million Men, Women and Children;

Non-Jewish Polish Civilians: 3 Million Men, Women and Children

People with Disabilities: 270,000 Men, Women and Children (doesn’t include the 375,000 Disabled who were Forcibly Sterilized)

Roma and Sinti (Gypsies): 500,000- 1.5 Million Men, Women and Children

Jehovah's Witnesses:  5,000 Men, Women and Children

Homosexuals:  9,000 Men and Women in Concentration Camps (Doesn’t include the 50,000 Men and Women held in Regular Prisons)

 

The Communists murdered 149,469,610 Men, Women and Children (Non-Military Civilians)  Worldwide since 1917 and the Communists in China, Cuba, Vietnam, Laos and North Korea continue murdering Innocent People.

 

We should also remember the Ukrainian Men, Women and Children being murdered by the Russian Nazis in 2022. 

Memorials and Museums to the Victims of Nazism and Communism:

Nazism Memorials and Museums:

Holocaust Memorials and Museums:

Stolperstein – Holocaust memorials all over Germany and in 21 other European countries

Argentina: Museo del Holocausto de Buenos Aires

Australia:

1. The Jewish Museum Holocaust and Research Centre (Melbourne, Victoria)

2. Leo Baeck Centre for Progressive Judaism (Kew, Victoria) Holocaust Memorial

3. Melbourne General Cemetery Holocaust Memorial (Parkville, Victoria)

4. Sydney Jewish Museum (Sydney, Australia)

Austria:

1. The Judenplatz Holocaust Memorial (Vienna)

2.  Holocaust and Tolerance Center Styria

3.  House of Responsibility (Braunau am Inn)

4. Mauthausen Concentration Camp Memorial

Belarus:    The Pit (Minsk)

Belgium:

1.  Kazerne Dossin: Memorial, Museum and Documentation Centre on Holocaust and Human Rights (Mechelen)

2. National Monument to the Jewish Martyrs of Belgium (Brussels)

 Brazil:

1.    Holocaust Victims Memorial at Rio de Janeiro – Cemitério Israelita do Caju

2.    Holocaust Victims Memorial at Salvador – Cemitério Israelita da Bahia

3.    Holocaust Museum in Curitiba

4.    Memorial of Jewish Immigration and of the Holocaust, São Paulo

-   Bulgaria:   The Organization of the Jews (Bulgaria)

Canada:

1.  The National Holocaust Monument (Ottawa)

2.   Holocaust Memorial sculpture (Edmonton, Alberta)

3.   The Montreal Holocaust Museum (Montreal)

4.   The National Holocaust Monument (Ottawa, Ontario)

5.    Sarah and Chaim Neuberger Holocaust Education Centre (Toronto)

6.    The Vancouver Holocaust Education Centre (Vancouver, British Columbia)

China:

1.   Hong Kong Holocaust and Tolerance Centre (Hong Kong)

2.    Shanghai Jewish Refugees Museum ("Wall of Shanghai List")

3.   Holocaust Memorial statue (Shanghai)

Croatia:

1.  The Jasenovac Memorial Area (Jasenovac)

2.  Memorial Centre Lipa Remembers (Lipa, Matulji)

Cuba:

1.  Holocaust Memorial Santa Clara

2. Sephardic Center Holocaust Exhibit (Havana)

Czech Republic:

1.     Names of Holocaust Victims in the Pinkas Synagogue (Prague)

2.     Holocaust Mmemorial in Valašské Meziříčí

3.     Pinkas Synagogue/Old Jewish Cemetery (Prague)

4.    Old New Synagogue (Prague)

5.   Theresienstadt Concentration Camp (Terezín)

Estonia:

1.  Holocaust Memorial at the site of Klooga Concentration Camp (Klooga)

2.   Memorial at the site of Kalevi-Liiva (Jägala)

France:

1.    The Museum of the Resistance and Deportation (Besançon)

2.     Mémorial de l'internement et de la deportation (Compiègne)

3.     Maison d'Izieu mémorial des enfants juifs exterminés  (Izieu)

4.     Centre d'histoire de la résistance et de la deportation (Lyon)

5.     Centre de la mémoire d'Oradour-sur-Glane, village martyr (Oradour-sur-Glane)

6.     The Shoah Memorial, Drancy (Paris)

7.    Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation & Mémorial de la Shoah (Paris)

8.    Mémorial des Martyrs de la Déportation (Paris)

9.     Le Centre européen du Résistant déporté au Struthof (Natzwiller)

10.   Musée départemental de la Résistance et de la Déportation (Toulouse)

Germany:

1.   Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe (Berlin)

2.   Holocaust Tower

3.    Jewish Museum (Berlin)

4.    Memorial to the Homosexuals Persecuted under the National Socialist Regime (Berlin)

5.    Memorial to the Sinti and Roma Victims of National Socialism (Berlin)

6.    Memorial to the Victims of National Socialist 'Euthanasia' Killings

7.    Topf &; Söhne – Builders of the Auschwitz Ovens. Museum and Place of Remembrance (Erfurt)

8.   European Holocaust Memorial (Landsberg am Lech)

9..   KZ-Transport 1945 Memorial

10.   Angel of Peace (Mannheim)

11.   Freight Wagon Memorial

12.   Forced Laborer Memorial Transit

13.   European Holocaust Memorial (Landsberg)

14.   Memorial Neuer Börneplatz

Greece:

1. The Athens Holocaust Memorial

2.   Cemetery and Monument for the Victims of the Holocaust

3.  Holocaust memorial outside of the archaeological site of Kerameikos (Athens)

4.   Monument of the Victims of the Holocaust in the Jewish Martyrs square, (Rhodes)

5.  Monument to Young Jews (dedicated to the memory of young Jews murdered in the Holocaust) – Pafos Square, area of Kato Patissia, north of downtown Athens

6.  Holocaust Memorial of Corfu

Hungary:

1. Holocaust Memorial Center

2.  Dohány Street Synagogue

3.  Shoes on the Danube Bank (Budapes

Israel:

1.   Yad Vashem, the Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority (Jerusalem)

2.   Ghetto Fighters' House at Kibbutz Lohamei HaGeta'ot

3. Beit Theresienstadt, the Theresienstadt Martyrs Remembrance Association (in Kibbutz Givat Haim (Ihud))

4.   Massuah Institute for the Study of the Holocaust (in Kibbutz Tel Yitzhak )

5.   From Holocaust to Revival Museum at Kibbutz Yad Mordechai

6.   Chamber of the Holocaust (Mount Zion, Jerusalem )

7.   Ani Ma'amin Holocaust Museum (Jerusalem)

8.   Forest of the Martyrs (Jerusalem)

9.  LGBT Memorial to LGBT people persecuted by the Nazis (Tel Aviv)

10.  Memorial to the Deportation of Jews from France

Italy:

1.   Memoriale della Shoah (Milan, Italy)

2.   Fondazione Museo della Shoah (Rome, Italy)

3.    Museum of Italian Judaism and the Shoah (Ferrara, Italy)

4.    Museo della Deportazione

Japan:

1.  Holocaust Education Center Fukuyuma

2.   Tokyo Holocaust Education Resource Center

3.   Port of Humanity Tsuruga Museum (Tsuruga, Fukui)

4.   Chiune Sugihara Memorial Hall

5.  Auschwitz Peace Museum (Shirakawa, Fukushima)

Latvia:

1. Memorial complex at Rumbula

2.  Memorial complex at Salaspils

3.  Museum of Tolerance at the site of Kaiserwald

4.   Museum "Jews in Latvia"

5.  Riga Ghetto and Holocaust in Latvia Museum

Lithuania:

1.  Holocaust Exhibition at the Vilna Gaon Jewish State Museum (Vilnius)

2.  Ponary Massacre Memorial (Paneriai)

3.  Holocaust Memorial in Šeduva

4.   Ninth Fort Museum (Kaunas)

5.   Sugihara House (Kaunas)

Mexico:  The Tuvia Maizel Holocaust Museum (Mexico City)

Netherlands:

1.  The Anne Frank House (Amsterdam)

2.   The Hollandsche Schouwburg (Amsterdam)

3.  The Joods Historisch Museum (Amsterdam)

4.   The Homomonument (Amsterdam)

5.    The Westerbork Camp and Information Centre (Westerbork)

6.    Camp Vught National Memorial at Herzogenbusch Concentration Camp

New Zealand: The Holocaust Centre of New Zealand

North Macedonia: Holocaust Memorial Center for the Jews of Macedonia (Skopje)

Norway: Center for Studies of Holocaust and Religious Minorities (HL-senteret) (Oslo, Norway)

Philippines: Philippine–Israel Friendship Park (Quezon City)

Poland:

1.  The Monument to the Ghetto Heroes (Warsaw)

2.   Auschwitz Concentration Camp, UNESCO World Heritage Site (Oświęcim)

3.   Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum (Oświęcim)

4.   The Oświęcim Synagogue (Oświęcim)

5.    Bełżec Extermination Camp (Bełżec)

6.    POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews (Warsaw)

7.    Radegast train station (Łódź)

8.    Treblinka Extermination Camp  (Treblinka)

9.    Ulica Miła 18 Obelisk (Warsaw)

10.   Monument to the Memory of Children

11.   Umschlagplatz Monument (Warsaw)

12.   Warsaw Ghetto boundary markers

Romania:

1.   Bucharest Holocaust Memorial

2.    Elie Wiesel Memorial House (Sighetu Marmației)

3.    Memorial to the Victims of the 1941 Pogrom (Bucharest)

4.    Holocaust Memorial (Târgu Mures)

5.    Northern Transylvania Holocaust Memorial Museum (Şimleu Silvaniei)

6.    Memorial to the Deported Jews of Oradea

 Russia:

1.   The Zmievskaya Ravine Memorial (Rostov-on-Don)

2.   Holocaust Memorial Synagogue (Moscow)

3.   Russian Research and Educational Holocaust Center (Moscow)

4.   Formula of Sorrow Monument (Pushkin, Saint Petersburg)

5.    Kaliningrad North Railway Station Memorial Plaque to Jewish deportees from Königsberg and East Prussia (Kaliningrad).

6.     Memorial to the Victims of Fascism (Krasnodar)

7.    Lyubavichi mass murder site monument

8.    "Ravine of Death" memorial stone (Taganrog)

9.     Palmnicken massacre monument (Yantarny, Kaliningrad)

10.   Monument at Vostryakovo Jewish Cemetery (Moscow)

11.   Zmievskaya Balka Memorial (Rostov-on-Don)

Serbia:

1.    Šumarice Genocide Memorial Park (Kragujevac)

2.    Banjica Concentration Camp (Belgrade)

3.    Crveni Krst Concentration Camp (Niš)

4.    Museum of Genocide Victims (Belgrade)

Slovakia:

1.  Múzeum holokaustu a židovskej kultúry (Sereď)

2.  SNM – Múzeum židovskej kultúry Bratislava (Bratislava)

South Africa:

1.  The Cape Town Holocaust Centre

2.  The Durban Holocaust Centre 

3.   The Johannesburg Holocaust And Genocide Centre

Spain:   Monument to the Victims of the Mauthausen Concentration Camp (Almería)

Suriname: Paramaribo Holocaust Memorial

Sweden: Monument to the Memory of the Holocaust Victims, the Great Synagogue of Stockholm

Ukraine:

1.  Ukrainian Institute for Holocaust Studies (Dnepropetrovsk)

2.  Babi Yar Holocaust Memorial Center (Kyiv)

United Kingdom:

1.  Holocaust Memorial in Hyde Park (London)

2.   Beth Shalom Holocaust Centre  (Nottinghamshire, England)

3.   The Imperial War Museum Holocaust Exhibition (London)

4.    The Wiener Library for the Study of the Holocaust and Genocide (London)

United States:

1.   Arizona:

A.)    The Holocaust and Tolerance Museum (Chandler)

B.)    Jewish History Museum/Holocaust History Museum (Tucson)

2.       California:

A.)    The Desert Holocaust Memorial (Palm Desert)

B.)    Holocaust Center of Northern California (San Francisco)

C.)    The Holocaust Memorial at California Palace of the Legion of Honor, Lincoln Park (San Francisco)

D.)    Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust

E.)     The Museum of Tolerance (Los Angeles)

F.)     The Simon Wiesenthal Center (Los Angeles)

G.)    The Survivors of the Shoah Visual History Foundation at University of Southern California (Los Angeles)

3.       Colorado:   The Babi Yar Park (Denver)

4.       Florida:

A.)    The Craig and Barbara Weiner Holocaust Reflection and Resource Center (Fort Lauderdale, Florida)

B.)    The Florida Holocaust Museum (St. Petersburg)

C.)    The Frisch Family Holocaust Memorial Gallery (Jacksonville, Florida)

D.)    The Holocaust Memorial of the Greater Miami Jewish Federation (Miami Beach)

E.)     The Holocaust Documentation & Education Center (Dania Beach)

F.)     The Holocaust Memorial Resource and Education Center of Florida (Maitland)

G.)    The Holocaust Museum of Southwest Florida (Naples)

5.)    Georgia:

A.)    The Kennesaw State University Museum of History and Holocaust Education

B.)    The William Breman Jewish Heritage & Holocaust Museum (Atlanta)

C.)    Six Million Hebrews monument in Evergreen Cemetery (Fitzgerald, Georgia)

6.)    Illinois:   Illinois Holocaust Museum and Education Center (Skokie)

7.)    Indiana: CANDLES Holocaust Museum and Education Center (Terre Haute)

8.)    Louisiana:

A.)    New Orleans Holocaust Memorial at Woldenberg Park

B.)    Alexandria Holocaust Memorial, Holocaust Memorial Park

9.)    Maine: The Holocaust and Human Rights Center of Maine in Augusta

10.) Maryland:  The Baltimore Holocaust Memorial

11.) Massachusetts: The New England Holocaust Memorial (Boston)

12.) Michigan:

A.)    The Holocaust Memorial Center (Farmington Hills)

B.)    University of Michigan Holocaust Memorial, Raoul Wallenberg Plaza, (Ann Arbor)

C.)    Holocaust Memorial, Oakview Cemetery (Royal Oak)

13.) Mississippi:   Clarksdale, Holocaust Memorial (Clarksdale)

14.) Missouri: Holocaust Museum & Learning Center (St Louis)

15.) Nebraska:  The Nebraska Holocaust Memorial (Lincoln)

16.) New Hampshire: New Hampshire Holocaust Memorial (Nashua)

17.) New Jersey:

A.)    Liberation (Holocaust memorial), Liberty State Park (Jersey City)

B.)    Camden County Holocaust Memorial (Cherry Hill)

C.)    Esther Raab Holocaust Museum & Goodwin Education Center Cherry Hill

18.) New Mexico: The New Mexico Holocaust & Intolerance Museum (Albuquerque)

19.) New York:

A.)    Holocaust Memorial Park (Brooklyn)

B.)    The Jewish Foundation for the Righteous (Manhattan)

C.)    Museum of Jewish Heritage (Manhattan)

D.)    Holocaust Memorial, City Hall Plaza (Long Beach)

E.)  Holocaust Memorial and Tolerance Center of Nassau County, Welwyn Preserve, (Glen Cove, Long Island)

F.) Memorial to All Victims of the Holocaust: 1938-1945, Appellate Division of the New York State Supreme Court (Manhattan)

G.)    Stuart Elenko Holocaust Museum at the Bronx High School of Science (Bronx, NY)

H.)    Safe Haven Holocaust Refugee Shelter Museum (Oswego)

20.) Ohio:

A.)    Ohio Holocaust and Liberators Memorial at the Ohio Statehouse (Columbus)

B.)    Nancy & David Wolf Holocaust & Humanity Center, Cincinnati Union Terminal (Cincinnati)

C.)    Holocaust Memorial (Cleveland)

21.) Oregon: Oregon Holocaust Memorial (Portland)

22.) Pennsylvania:

A.)    The Holocaust Awareness Museum and Education Center (Philadelphia)

B.)    Holocaust Memorial (Harrisburg)

C.)    Holocaust Center of Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh)

D.)    The Horwitz-Wasserman Holocaust Memorial Plaza - (Philadelphia)

E.)     Memorial to the Six Million Jewish Martyrs

23.) Rhode Island: Sandra Bornstein Holocaust Education Center (Providence)

24.) South Carolina:  Charleston Holocaust Memorial (Charleston)

25.) Tennessee:

A,)  Nashville Holocaust Memorial (Nashville)

B.) The Children's Holocaust Memorial and Paper Clip Project at Whitwell Middle School (Whitwell)

26.) Texas:

A.)    The Dallas Holocaust Museum/Center for Education & Tolerance

B.)    The El Paso Holocaust Museum and Study Center

C.)    The Holocaust History Project (San Antonio)

D.)    Holocaust Museum Houston

E.)     The Holocaust Memorial Museum of San Antonio

27.) Washington, D.C.:  The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

28.) Wisconsin: Holocaust Memorial (Milwaukee)

29.) Virginia:

A.)    Emek Sholom Holocaust Memorial Cemetery (Henrico)

B.)    The Virginia Holocaust Museum (Richmond)

Uruguay: Memorial del Holocausto del Pueblo Judío

 

World War 2 Memorials and Museum:

 British Channel Islands:

A.)    Lager Norderney

B.)    Lager Sylt

Czech Republic: Memorial to the Children Victims of the War (Lidice)

Estonia: Museum of Occupations (Tallinn)

Germany:

A.)    Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp‎

B.)    Becklingen War Cemetery (Commonwealth)

C.)    Buchenwald Concentration Camp‎

D.)    Dachau Concentration Camp

E.)     Flossenbürg Concentration Camp‎

F.)     Grafeneck Euthanasia Centre

G.)    Hadamar Euthanasia Centre

H.)    Mittelbau-Dora Concentration Camp

I.)       Neuengamme Concentration Camp‎

J.)      Ravensbrück Concentration Camp‎

K.)    Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp‎Latvia: Museum of the Occupation (Riga)

Lithuania: Museum of Occupations and Freedom Fights (Vilnius)

Poland:

A.)    Warsaw Uprising Museum

B.)    Warsaw Uprising Memorial

C.)    Mausoleum of Struggle and Martyrdom (Warsaw)

D.)    Museum of Pawiak Prison (Warsaw)

E.)     Monument to victims of the Massacre of the Wola (Warsaw)

United Kingdom:

A.)    Blitz and Pieces

B.)    Churchill War Rooms

C.)    Imperial War Museum

D.)    The Second World War Experience Centre

United States:

A.)    World War 2 Memorial (Washington DC)

B.)    Lidice Memorial (Wisconsin)

C.)    National D-Day Memorial (Virginia)

D.)    West Coast Memorial to the Missing of World War II (California)

 

Communism Memorials and Museums:

 

Katyn Massacre Memorials:

-      Cannock Chase (England)

-      Katyń Memorial (USA)

-      Katyn War Cemetery (Russia)

-      National Katyń Memorial (USA)

-      National Shrine of Our Lady of Czestochowa (USA)

 

Cambodia:

A.) Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum (S-21)

B.) Documentation Center of Cambodia

C.) Choeung Ek

 

Canada: Memorial to the Victims of Communism – Canada, a Land of Refuge (Ottawa)

Czech Republic:

A.)    Memorial to the Victims of Communism

B.)    Museum of Communism (Prague)

Estonia:

A.)    The KGB Cells Museum (Tartu)

B.)    Museum of Occupations (Tallinn)

Germany:

A.)     DDR Museum (Berlin)

B.)    Allied Museum (Berlin)

C.)    Checkpoint Charlie Museum (Berlin)

D.)    Hohenschönhausen Memorial (Berlin)

E.)     Berlin Wall Memorial (Berlin)

F.)     KGB Prison (Potsdam)

G.)    Stasi Museum (Berlin)

H.)    Palace of Tears (Berlin)

Hungary:

-    A.) Gloria Victis Memorial

-    B.) House of Terror (Budapest)

Latvia:

A.)    The Black Door (Riga)

B.)    Museum of the Occupation (Riga)

Lithuania: Museum of Occupations and Freedom Fights (Vilnius)

Poland:

A.)    Monument to the Fallen Shipyard Workers of 1970

B.)    Museum of Communism (Warsaw)

Russia:

A.)    Butovo Shooting Range (Moscow)

B.)    Communarka Shooting Ground (Moscow)

C.)    Mask Of Sorrow (Magadan)

D.)    Mourning Angel (Tolyatti)

E.)     State Gulag Museum (Moscow)

F.)     Solovetsky Stone (Moscow)

G.)    Wall Of Grief (Moscow)

H.)    Perm 36 (Perm)

I.)      Levashovo Memorial Cemetery (Saint Petersburg)

Romania:

A.)     Memorial of Rebirth

B.)    Memorial of the Victims of Communism and of the Resistance

Moldova:

A.)     Memorial to the People Killed by Bolsheviks

B.)    Memorial to Victims of Stalinist Repression

C.)    Monument to the Victims of the Soviet Occupation

Ukraine:

A.)    Dem'ianiv Laz

B.)    National Museum-Memorial of Victims of the Occupation Regimes

United States:

A.)     Victims of Communism Memorial (Washington DC)

B.)    Cold War Museum (Virginia)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Holocaust_memorials_and_museums

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Memorials_to_victims_of_communism