Memorials and services for the
September 11 attacks
The first memorials to the
victims of the September 11 attacks in 2001 began to take shape online, as
hundreds of webmasters posted their own thoughts, links to the Red Cross and
other rescue agencies, photos, and eyewitness accounts. Numerous online
September 11 memorials began appearing a few hours after the attacks, although
many of these memorials were only temporary. Around the world, U.S. embassies
and consulates became makeshift memorials as people came out to pay their
respects.
The Tribute in Light was the
first major physical memorial at the World Trade Center site. A permanent
memorial and museum, the National September 11 Memorial & Museum at the
World Trade Center, were built as part of the design for overall site
redevelopment. The Memorial consists of two massive pools set within the
original footprints of the Twin Towers with 30-foot (9.1 m) waterfalls
cascading down their sides. The names of the victims of the attacks are
inscribed around the edges of the waterfalls. Other permanent memorials are
being constructed around the world.
Temporary memorials:
Soon after the attacks, temporary
memorials were set up in New York and elsewhere. On October 4, Reverend Brian
Jordan, a Franciscan priest, blessed the World Trade Center cross, two broken
beams at the crash site which had formed a cross, and then had been welded
together by iron-workers. On October 13, the North Charleston Coliseum raised a
special banner featuring the retired number of Mark Bavis, who was on United
Airlines Flight 175. Bavis had played for the ECHL's South Carolina Stingrays,
and his retired number hangs in a special corner, independently from the
Stingrays' retired numbers (#14, #24) and awards banners (1997 and 2001 Kelly
Cup Championships), with the years he played for the team (1994–96), the date
of his death (September 11, 2001), and an American flag. Also on October 13,
The September 11 Photo Project was founded. The Project was a not-for-profit
community based photo exhibit in response to the September 11 attacks and their
aftermath. It toured seven cities over two years, collected photographs from
more than 700 participants, and had over 300,000 visitors over its run. The
Project provided a venue for the display of photographs accompanied by captions
by anyone who wished to participate. The exhibit aimed to preserve a record of
the spontaneous outdoor shrines that were being swept away by rain or wind or
collected by the city for historical preservation. The Project was also made
into a book titled "The September 11 Photo Project" in May 2002. It
has sold over 60,000 copies to date. On March 11, 2002, the damaged sculpture
The Sphere, formerly displayed in the World Trade Center, was dedicated by the
city as a temporary memorial in Battery Park City.
Permanent memorials:
NYC:
The National September 11
Memorial & Museum (also known as the 9/11 Memorial & Museum) is a
memorial and museum in New York City commemorating the September 11, 2001
attacks, which killed 2,996 people, and the 1993 World Trade Center bombing,
which killed six. The memorial is located at the World Trade Center site, the
former location of the Twin Towers that were destroyed during the September 11
attacks. It is operated by a non-profit institution whose mission is to raise
funds for, program, and operate the memorial and museum at the World Trade
Center site. A dedication ceremony commemorating the tenth anniversary of the
attacks was held at the memorial on September 11, 2011, and it opened to the public
the following day. The museum was dedicated on May 15, 2014, with remarks from
Michael Bloomberg and President Barack Obama. The museum opened to the public
on May 21.
The Pentagon:
The Pentagon Memorial, located
just southwest of The Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, is a permanent
outdoor memorial to the 184 people who died as victims in the building and on
American Airlines Flight 77 during the September 11 attacks. Designed by Julie
Beckman and Keith Kaseman of the architectural firm of Kaseman Beckman Advanced
Strategies with engineers Buro Happold, the memorial opened on September 11, 2008,
seven years after the attack. The Memorial is open seven days a week,
year-round. It is also the only place on the Pentagon grounds where photography
by the public is permitted. As of August 2011, the memorial had received an
annual average of 225,000 to 250,000 visitors.
PA:
The Flight 93 National Memorial
is located at the site of the crash of United Airlines Flight 93, which was
hijacked in the September 11 attacks, in Stonycreek Township, Somerset County,
Pennsylvania, about 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Shanksville, and 60 miles (97 km)
southeast of Pittsburgh. The memorial was made to honor the passengers and crew
of Flight 93, who stopped the terrorists from reaching their target by fighting
the hijackers. A temporary memorial to the 40 victims was established soon
after the crash, and the first phase of the permanent memorial was completed,
opened, and dedicated on September 10, 2011. The design for the memorial is a
modified version of the entry Crescent of Embrace by Paul and Milena Murdoch. A concrete and glass visitor center was opened
on September 10, 2015,[2] situated on a hill overlooking the crash site and the
white marble Wall of Names. An observation platform at the visitor center and
the white marble wall are both aligned beneath the path of Flight 93.
Annual commemorations:
Every year on September 11 a
commemoration is held at the National September 11 Memorial. Family members
read the names of victims of the attacks, as well as victims of the 1993 World
Trade Center truck bombing. Elected officials and other dignitaries attend, but
since the 2012 event they have not given speeches.
The Tribute in Light project
consists of 88 searchlights placed next to the site of the World Trade Center
created two vertical columns of light. The tribute began in 2001, and is now
made every year on September 11.
Memorial flags:
The National 9/11 Flag was made
from a tattered remains of a 30-foot (9.1 m) American flag found by recovery
workers in the early morning of September 12, 2001. It was hanging precariously
from some scaffolding at a construction site next to Ground Zero. Because of
safety reasons the flag could not be taken down until late October 2001.
Charlie Vitchers, a construction superintendent for the Ground Zero cleanup
effort, had a crew recover the flag. It was placed in storage for seven years. The
flag has made a number appearances across the country including a Boston Red
Sox Game, a New York Giants Home Opener, and the USS New York Commissioning
Ceremony. It also appeared on the CBS Evening News and on ABC World News
Tonight "Persons of the Week." The flag began a national tour on Flag
day, which was on June 14, 2009. It will visit all 50 states where service
heroes, veterans, and other honorees will each add stitching and material from
other retired American flags in order to restore the original 13 stripes of the
flag. The flag will have a permanent home at the National September 11 Memorial
and Museum.
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