If you thought "fake news" was a modern-invention then you are wrong. It has been used by nearly every country/empire/group for centuries. It was perfected to its' current state by the Communists (especially those in the Soviet Union.)
So great are some of the lies that even 27 years after the collapse of the USSR many Russians believe what they were taught as truth despite Soviet, Russian and Western sources now made public.
Here is one example from one country (the Soviet Union) and during one time period (World War 2) that are still widely believed by millions upon millions of Russians:
1.) Lie: The USSR was never an ally of Nazi Germany.
Truth: From September 1, 1939 until June 22, 1941 the USSR and Nazi Germany were not only Allies, but also exchanged people, machinery, oil and foodstuffs up until a few hours when the Germans invaded.
2.) Lie: Stalin always knew Hitler was not to be trusted and had planned an invasion of Nazi Germany himself.
Truth: Stalin saw Hitler as a close friend and ally (Hitler did not reciprocate.) When Hitler invaded the Soviet Union and Soviet-occupied Eastern Europe (eastern Poland, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia) on June 22, 1941 Stalin felt so betrayed by his “friend” that Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov had to address the nation about the invasion. Stalin did not get over his “bromance” betrayal and address the Soviet people until July 3, 1941.
It was because of that betrayed mentality that Stalin issued an order that no Soviet citizen (civilian or soldier) was allowed to surrender or retreat to/from the Germans. That is why each Soviet unit had a special Communist Party Member soldier whose main mission was to shoot any retreating Red Army solider in the back. There was also a secondary special soldier just in the case the 1st special soldier needed to be shot in the back. The number of soldiers murdered from their own side were simply added to the causalities inflected by the Germans.
Any man, woman or child that “allowed” themselves to be captured by the Germans were themselves re-imprisoned by the Soviets once liberated – including those that had been in German Concentration and Death Camps until - after Stalin’s Death in 1953. A famous example is of Alexander Pechersky, a Red Army Jewish Pilot who was sent to the Sobibor Death Camp in German-occupied Poland. He helped the other Jewish prisoners revolt at the Death Camp in 1943. He then joined some Soviet Partisans in Belarus and continued to fight the Germans until the Soviets liberated the area. As an escaped POW, Pechersky was conscripted into a special penal battalion, conforming to Stalin's Order No. 270 and was sent to the front to fight German forces in some of the toughest engagements of the war. Stalin refused to allow him to testify at the Nuremburg Trials because they were in Germany and in 1948 Stalin had Pechersky fired from his job as a theatre administration and arrested. For 5 years the only work he could get was selling handmade clothes at the local marketplace. Only after Stalin died did Pechersky find a real job, but his record of allowing himself to be imprisoned in a German Death Camp as well as his arrests by the Soviets after the war followed him until he died in 1990.
3.) Lie: The Russians believe they would have won World War 2 completely on their own.
Truth: The Soviet Union didn’t enter World War 2 against Germany until June 22, 1941 (when it had been going on since September 1, 1939.) The Soviet Union did not enter World War 2 against Japan until August 9, 1945 (the day after the US dropped the 2nd Atomic Bomb on Japan.) The Soviet Union was not involved in any of the battles in: Western Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, Alaska, the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, Southeast Asia or on Japan itself. The Soviet Union fought in Eastern Europe (against Germany) and in the northern part of Japanese-controlled Korea (modern-day North Korea.)
There is no way the Soviet Union could have won World War 2 since they didn’t participate in most of its locations. They would have won the Eastern Front by themselves, but not the whole war. And technically, Russia is still at war with Japan since they never signed a peace treaty over disputed islands.
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