Thursday, April 4, 2024

75: NATO

 


75 tears ago today (April 4, 1949) the North Atlantic Treaty Organization – NATO (French: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN) -was formed with the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty.

NATO is an Intergovernmental Military Alliance of 32 Member States—30 European and 2 North American.

NATO was 2 Official Languages: English and French.

NATO’s Motto is: animus in consulendo liber (Latin for 'a mind unfettered in deliberation'.)

NATO's Main Headquarters are located in Brussels, Belgium, while NATO's Military Headquarters are near Mons, Belgium.

 

Physical NATO: All Member States together cover an area of 27,580,492 km2 (10,648,887 sq mi.)

The 32 NATO Member States have a total of 969,619,192 People.

The United States has the largest NATO Population with 338,229,980 People.

 

NATO’s Military: NATO has a total of 8,507,776 Soldiers, Sailors and Airmen/women (3,869,402 Regular Troops)

The United States has the largest NATO Military Force with 1,598,287 Regular Soldiers and 1,072,543 Reserve Soldiers.

 

Article 5: Article 5 of the Treaty states that if an armed attack occurs against one of the Member States, it shall be considered an attack against all Members, and other Members shall assist the attacked member, with armed forces if necessary.

An attack on Hawaii (US), Puerto Rico (US), US Virgin Islands (US), French Guiana (France), the Falkland Islands (UK), Ceuta (Spain) or Melilla (Spain) would not trigger an Article 5 response.

Article 5 has only been used one time after the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks in the United States.

 

NATO’s Expansion: NATO was created by 12 Countries from Europe and North America (Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States) on April 4, 1949.

Since then, 20 more Countries have joined NATO through 10 rounds of Enlargement: in 1952 (Greece and Turkey), 1955 (West Germany), 1982 (Spain), 1990 (East Germany), 1999 (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland), 2004 (Bulgaria, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia) , 2009 (Albania, Croatia),  2017 (Montenegro), 2020 (North Macedonia), 2023 (Finland) and 202 (Sweden.)

Russia is forbidden from joining NATO.

 

Aspiring NATO Members: Bosnia and Herzegovina (since 2018), Georgia (since 2018) and Ukraine (since 2022.)

Withdrawal from NATO: No NATO Member Country has ever left since its founding in 1949. But they can under Article 13 of the Treaty.

From 1965-2009 France left NATO’s Military Command Structure, The NATO Headquarters in France was moved to Belgium.

The Former French Colony of Algeria was part of NATO from 1949-1962 when it gained its Independence.

The Former British Colony of Malta was part of NATO from 1949-1964 when it gained its Independence.

The Former British Colony of Cyprus was part of NATO from 1949-1960 when it gained its Independence.

 

The Warsaw Pact: The Soviet Union created the Warsaw Pact in 1955 to counter NATO. It was disbanded in 1991.

Members of the Warsaw Pact were: Albania (from 1955-1968), Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany (from 1955- 1990), Hungary, Poland, Romania (from 1955-1961) and the Soviet Union.

Former Communist Countries that joined NATO: Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, East Germany, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia.

 

NATO won the Cold War (1945-1991) when the Soviet Union collapsed.

 

NATO Military Operations: No NATO Military Operations occurred during the Cold War.

Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-2004)

Serbia (1999)

Kosovo (1999- Present)

Afghanistan (2001-2021)

Operation Ocean Shield Counter Piracy (2009-2016)

 

NATO’s Website:

https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/index.htm

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